Change in Social Classes in The Meiji Period in Japan

Abstract

Before the Meiji Period (1868-1912) (Tokugawa Period 1603-1868), Japan had a rigidly segregated social class
system. Accordingly, the samurai constituted the socially highest class. In the second place were the
peasants dealing with the land, that is, the farmers. In the third place were the artisans, and in the last place
were the merchants. There were also groups called Eta and Hinin who were exposed to social
discrimination and even excluded from society. The social status of people was determined by the social
group in which they were born, and with some exceptions, the transition between classes was not allowed.
This system was abolished with the "Mibun Kaihorei", that is, the abolition of class distinctions, issued in
1871 during the Meiji period. It was stated that people should become independent individuals by
developing themselves through education and training, and it was thought that the development and
strengthening of Japan would only be possible in this way. In this article, Japan of the Tokugawa period and
Japan of the Meiji period were compared and evaluated in the context of social classes.